Cluny MacPherson Invented the Gas Mask

Doctor Cluny MacPherson was born in St. Johns, Newfoundland in 1879. He received his medical education from Methodist College and McGill University. MacPherson started the first St. Johns Ambulance Brigade after working with the St. Johns Ambulance Association. MacPherson served as the principal medical officer for the first Newfoundland Regiment of the St. Johns Ambulance Brigade during World War I. In response to the Germans use of poison gas in Ypres, Belgium, in 1915, MacPherson began researching methods of protection against poison gas. In the past, a  soldiers only protection was to breathe through a handkerchief or other small piece of fabric soaked in urine. That same year,  MacPherson invented the respirator, or gas mask, made of fabric and metal. Using a helmet taken from a captured German prisoner, he added a canvas hood with  eyepieces  and a breathing tube. The helmet was treated with chemicals that would absorb the chlorine used in the gas attacks. After a few improvements, Macphersons helmet became the first gas mask to be used by the British army. According to Bernard Ransom, curator of the Newfoundland Provincial Museum, Cluny Macpherson designed a fabric smoke helmet with a single exhaling tube, impregnated with chemical sorbents to defeat the airborne chlorine used in the gas attacks. Later, more elaborate sorbent compounds were added to further developments of his helmet (the P and PH models) to defeat other respiratory poison gases used such as phosgene, diphosgene and chloropicrin. The Macpherson helmet was the first general issue gas countermeasure to be used by the British Army. His invention was the most important protective device of the First World War, protecting countless soldiers from blindness, disfigurement or injury to their throats and lungs. For his services, he was made a Companion of the  Order of St Michael and St George  in 1918. After suffering from a war injury, MacPherson returned to Newfoundland to serve as the director of the military medical service and later served as the president of the St. Johns Clinical Society and the Newfoundland Medical Association. MacPherson was awarded many honors for his contributions to medical science.

The Analysis Of Montresor’S Madness. One Of - 1065 Words

The Analysis of Montresor’s Madness One of the most critically-acclaimed short stories, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† is well-known  ­for covering one of the you used one of the twice in one sentence most intriguing topics: retaliation. The author, Edgar Allan Poe, lived an interesting life full of alcoholism and drug-addiction, but still managed to write many unforgettable pieces. like what? In this short story, Edgar Allan Poe focuses on Montresor and his determination to exact revenge on Fortunato, the man who had continuously insulted him in the past. Although no one has ever been able to fully comprehend the reasoning behind Poe’s choices in creating the characters, it has popularly been assumed that anger drove Montresor†¦show more content†¦This must impact Montresor, as it reveals that from generation to generation in his family, it is taught to value revenge and to never accept being attacked. new paragraph Following the mention of the m otto, Edgar Allan Poe provides even more evidence to explain Fortunato’s egotistical character. When Montresor mentions that he is a member of the brotherhood of masons, Fortunato chuckles, â€Å"You? Impossible! A mason?† (1120), as to say that in his opinion, there is no way that Montresor could be a mason. Back in the early 1800s, the brotherhood of masons was a highly-esteemed organization and only included well-respected men. make sure to cite a source here This proves that Fortunato clearly didn’t hold Montresor in high regard and surely believed that he couldn’t be a mason. From Montresor’s point-of-view, it makes sense why Fortunato’s failure to recognize his skills in this exchange would offend him. This exchange just adds fuel to the fire and serves to reveal just how even if he doesn’t quite mean it confusing wording , Fortunato’s actions just naturally come off as being offensive. When discussing Montresor’s mental state, his methodical approach is a crucial indicator. When Montresor is enacting his plan for revenge, it is apparent that he had plotted and took time to configure each of hisShow MoreRelatedCask of Amontillado Imagery Analysis Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesAlyssa Becker â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Imagery Analysis In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe uses many examples of imagery, such as the descriptions of the carnival, characters, the walk through the catacombs, and much more throughout the story to build suspense and intrigue for the readers and add to the mystery of Montresor’s underlining actions of the revenge and deception of the foolish Fortunado. By using descriptive words and phrases to help us imagine the characters and settingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 Pagesunwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitude of complicated motives of the narrator in his famous horror story. Upon examining Edgar Allan Poe’s life, one is not surprised that he chooses to write such gloomy and sinister stories. Poe’s life is far from happy and nurturing. According to the World Book EncyclopediaRead MoreFive Short Stories of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pagesin his works. The Gold-Bug lacks the crime element, but still can be called a detective story because of the way of finding the pirate treasure, like the solving of a puzzle. Poe says detecting a crime is similar to a puzzle, because there is only one correct and perfect solution, which resembles a cryptogram. A cryptogram loses its interest when it has been solved. The detective characters are an image of Poe himself and all of them share similarities: they are aristocratic, arrogant and apparentlyRead More Edgar Allan Poe Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Though an innumerable amount of interpretations of any given text might be drawn from a variety of perspectives, a structuralist analysis of two of Poe’s works help place their symbols within a theme related to myth and heroism. Peter Barry attempts to define structuralism succinctly by narrowing it down as â€Å"the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation—they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of†; he goes on to add that â€Å"meaningRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagestales are a direct byproduct of the mayhem experienced in his life, as well as his (arguably) psychologically-tormented mind. Though all of this author’s pieces are very rich in elaborate themes, motifs, and especially fantastically blatant irony, one particularly stands out to me -- â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. This story recounts how a man called Montresor seeks revenge upon a â€Å"friend† who allegedly insulted him. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, the brilliant use of situational irony and macabre humor

A Time to Kill Essay Example For Students

A Time to Kill Essay By: John GrishamWhen is there ever a time to kill? Is it time when someone hurts you or your family? Is it okay if someone tries to kill you? A jury of twelve people must decide if there ever is such a time. Does race have a role in murder? If a white is tried for the same crime as a black person, should the verdict be different for the white person? Such are the questions the jury is faced with in the novel, A Time to Kill. Tonya Hailey a young black girl, daughter of Carl Lee Hailey, was raped by two white country rednecks. The author states that Tonya, was ten and small for her age. (21) The rednecks bound her hands with nylon rope and her right foot was secured to an oak tree. Her face was bloody and swollen, with one eye swelled up completely and the other shut enough that she could not view the man in the truck. She also could not see the man on top of her. He was on top of her breathing hard, sweating, and cursing at her. When he was finished he slapped her and laughed. The man in the truck also began laughing until they both were on the floor rolling like crazy men. Then, as it got late, her family got worried and started to search for her. They called Ozzie, the only black sheriff in the state, to start a search for her. She was finally found near on old bridge by a couple a Niger fishin. She was crying for her daddy. She uttered in broken words who her father was. They then returned her home to her mother and awaiting brothers. When the case of the two rapists came to court a local lawyer Jake Brigance, is asked by one of the accused rapists mothers to defend the men. Jake turns down the case. He was unable to accept the case because he had previously represented Carl Haileys brother. The rapists found another lawyer and the case proceeded. The two men were tried but found not guilty. Right after the trial the two accused rapists, Billy Ray and Willard, were shot. Tonyas father Carl Hailey was the one accused of killing the two men. Jake Brigance is once again contacted because he was considered to be the family lawyer for the Haileys. Jake Brigance started the proceedings and bond was set at half of a million dollars for Carl Lee. Carl could not post bail so therefore he spent the duration of the trail in jail. Jake hires a new twenty something paralegal looking for experience in the courtroom. She is willing to work for free in exchange for training. Jake Brigances prized house is set on fire by the K.K.K . for defending a black man, Carl Lee, accused of killing two white men. After several tiring sessions in court, Jake Brigance watches his client Carl Hailey walk out of the Mississippi court room, a free man. John Grisham wrote A Time to Kill to show how the legal system, society, and people place an important emphasis and are bias to one particular race. He tires to show that we all in the court of law should be treated as equals and race should have no affect on the rulings. It unfortunately still does have an effect on many trials. I disliked the way that he chooses a southern state. Although racism was more prevalent in the south during that period, I believe that it does not show that racism is a problem throughout the world not just the south. I read that this book was inspired by actual events, that he had studied during his years in law school. Even so, I believe that the case should have been tired in another region. The basic act that he wrote about it being in the south is a prejudice against the south; the south has often been put down as extremely racist. .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 , .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .postImageUrl , .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 , .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:hover , .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:visited , .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:active { border:0!important; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:active , .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214 .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e2c956df8ecbc653803019642a72214:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In the work Utopia,which is a product of imaginati EssayI would recommend this book to any one of my friends who enjoy a suspenseful yet gruesome and grotesque opening that leads to a sickly gratifying ending. The midpoint of the book gets dull because the action does not move that much. Then the story jumps to a death or a burning. The Klan is always popping up to warn witnesses or the jurors families not to let that nigger or his lawyer off. (254) The story overall is great and I really liked the book.